Chakrabarti-Bell, S, Wang, S, Patel, M, Weiss, R and Austin, P 2013, 'Bubbles in chapatti doughs', Journal of Cereal Science, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 504-513.
Traditionally, chapattis are flatbreads made from atta (wholemeal Indian wheat flour). Non-atta chapattis have not been popular due to substandard product quality. To investigate what makes atta special for making chapattis, products were made using atta, Australian wholemeal wheat flour, gluten-free lupin flour, and a blend of lupin and wheat flours. Doughs were characterised by measuring strain-hardening and elastic recovery in compression and also bubble structures via 3-D X-ray micro-tomography. A method was developed to identify and separate bran, which appears as bubbles, in scans of doughs.
Results highlighted the following: (1) elasticity of doughs is important for stabilising bubbles during rolling and baking, (2) atta doughs are low in strain-hardening but high in elasticity and retain bubbles the best after baking, and (3) lupins can be used to increase elasticity of Australian wheat flour doughs and to make gluten-free chapattis.
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